Reimagining surgical education in the era of artificial intelligence

Surgical training depends on subjective, episodic assessment that varies with case exposure and faculty availability. Artificial intelligence now offers tools for cognitive training, intraoperative guidance, and skill evaluation, but their power lies in integration. A longitudinal record uniting these data streams could bolster competency-based training and increase training capacity in smaller programs. Realizing this vision will require validation, governance, and further technical development.