Extrema of a(n)/n^(log_phi 2) for the Fibbinary Numbers on Intervals Between Consecutive Fibonacci Numbers

The Fibbinary numbers, OEIS A003714, may be obtained by reading the Zeckendorf representation of an integer as a binary expansion. More precisely, let F1=F2=1F_1=F_2=1 and Fi+1=Fi+Fi−1F_{i+1}=F_i+F_{i-1} for i≥2i\ge2. If n=∑i≥2εiFin=\sum_{i\ge2}\varepsilon_iF_i is the unique Zeckendorf representation of nn, with εi∈{0,1}\varepsilon_i\in\{0,1\} and no two adjacent coefficients equal to 11, define a(n)=∑i≥2εi2i−2a(n)=\sum_{i\ge2}\varepsilon_i2^{i-2}, with a(0)=0a(0)=0. Thus a(n)a(n) is the nn-th nonnegative integer whose binary expansion contains no two adjacent 1s. Writing φ=(1+5)/2\varphi=(1+\sqrt5)/2 and κ=log⁡φ2\kappa=\log_\varphi2, this note determines the exact extrema of the normalized sequence a(n)/nκa(n)/n^\kappa between consecutive Fibonacci numbers. For every k≥2k\ge2 and Fk≤n<Fk+1F_k\le n<F_{k+1}, one has ⌊2k/3⌋/(Fk+1−1)κ≤a(n)/nκ≤2k−2/Fkκ\lfloor2^k/3\rfloor/(F_{k+1}-1)^\kappa\le a(n)/n^\kappa\le2^{k-2}/F_k^\kappa, with a(Fk)=2k−2a(F_k)=2^{k-2} and a(Fk+1−1)=⌊2k/3⌋a(F_{k+1}-1)=\lfloor2^k/3\rfloor. For k≥4k\ge4, the upper bound is attained only at n=Fkn=F_k, while the lower bound is attained only at n=Fk+1−1n=F_{k+1}-1. These interval extrema determine the global asymptotic bounds: lim inf⁡n→∞a(n)/nκ=(5)κ/6=0.5311949872…\liminf_{n\to\infty}a(n)/n^\kappa=(\sqrt5)^\kappa/6=0.5311949872\ldots and lim sup⁡n→∞a(n)/nκ=(5)κ/4=0.7967924808…\limsup_{n\to\infty}a(n)/n^\kappa=(\sqrt5)^\kappa/4=0.7967924808\ldots. In particular, (5)κ/6<a(n)/nκ≤1(\sqrt5)^\kappa/6

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22218357
Primary Topic
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
Type
preprint
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preprint

Extrema of a(n)/n^(log_phi 2) for the Fibbinary Numbers on Intervals Between Consecutive Fibonacci Numbers

Jake Foth
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
preprint

Extrema of a(n)/n^(log_phi 2) for the Fibbinary Numbers on Intervals Between Consecutive Fibonacci Numbers

Jake Foth
preprint en

Abstract

The Fibbinary numbers, OEIS A003714, may be obtained by reading the Zeckendorf representation of an integer as a binary expansion. More precisely, let F1=F2=1F_1=F_2=1 and Fi+1=Fi+Fi−1F_{i+1}=F_i+F_{i-1} for i≥2i\ge2. If n=∑i≥2εiFin=\sum_{i\ge2}\varepsilon_iF_i is the unique Zeckendorf representation of nn, with εi∈{0,1}\varepsilon_i\in\{0,1\} and no two adjacent coefficients equal to 11, define a(n)=∑i≥2εi2i−2a(n)=\sum_{i\ge2}\varepsilon_i2^{i-2}, with a(0)=0a(0)=0. Thus a(n)a(n) is the nn-th nonnegative integer whose binary expansion contains no two adjacent 1s. Writing φ=(1+5)/2\varphi=(1+\sqrt5)/2 and κ=log⁡φ2\kappa=\log_\varphi2, this note determines the exact extrema of the normalized sequence a(n)/nκa(n)/n^\kappa between consecutive Fibonacci numbers. For every k≥2k\ge2 and Fk≤n<Fk+1F_k\le n<F_{k+1}, one has ⌊2k/3⌋/(Fk+1−1)κ≤a(n)/nκ≤2k−2/Fkκ\lfloor2^k/3\rfloor/(F_{k+1}-1)^\kappa\le a(n)/n^\kappa\le2^{k-2}/F_k^\kappa, with a(Fk)=2k−2a(F_k)=2^{k-2} and a(Fk+1−1)=⌊2k/3⌋a(F_{k+1}-1)=\lfloor2^k/3\rfloor. For k≥4k\ge4, the upper bound is attained only at n=Fkn=F_k, while the lower bound is attained only at n=Fk+1−1n=F_{k+1}-1. These interval extrema determine the global asymptotic bounds: lim inf⁡n→∞a(n)/nκ=(5)κ/6=0.5311949872…\liminf_{n\to\infty}a(n)/n^\kappa=(\sqrt5)^\kappa/6=0.5311949872\ldots and lim sup⁡n→∞a(n)/nκ=(5)κ/4=0.7967924808…\limsup_{n\to\infty}a(n)/n^\kappa=(\sqrt5)^\kappa/4=0.7967924808\ldots. In particular, (5)κ/6<a(n)/nκ≤1(\sqrt5)^\kappa/6

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Mathematical Theories and Applications
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