Orofacial pain and dysfunction: From a TMD-centered discipline to a network of interconnected conditions

The field of Orofacial Pain and Dysfunction (OPD) has evolved from a discipline centered on temporomandibular disorders (TMD) into a broad network of interconnected conditions. This letter highlights the biopsychosocial nature of TMD, its links with headache, bruxism, sleep disorders, and systemic health, and emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration. As OPD increasingly intersects with medicine, integrating dental and medical expertise becomes essential in education, research, and patient care.