NOSE-TO-BRAIN DRUG DELIVERY THROUGH NASYA KARMA IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE: AN AYURVEDIC–NEUROSCIENTIFIC CORRELATION

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability, along with several non-motor symptoms that adversely affect quality of life. Although conventional treatments provide symptomatic relief, long-term therapy is often associated with complications and limited effectiveness in preventing disease progression. Therefore, alternative and integrative therapeutic approaches are being increasingly explored. The intranasal route of drug delivery has recently gained importance in neurological disorders due to its ability to transport drugs directly to the brain through olfactory and trigeminal pathways while bypassing the blood–brain barrier. Ayurveda describes a comparable concept through Nasya Karma. Classical Ayurvedic texts consider the nose as the gateway to the brain, highlighting the therapeutic relevance of Nasya in neurological conditions. This article explores the correlation between modern nose-to-brain drug delivery mechanisms and the Ayurvedic concept of Nasya Karma in Parkinson’s disease. Special emphasis is given to Pratimarsha Nasya, a gentle and safe form of Nasya suitable for long-term use in geriatric patients.