LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION AND PHARMACOTHERAPY IN BREAST CANCER: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide and remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment. The increasing global burden of breast cancer highlights the importance of a comprehensive management approach that integrates evidence-based pharmacotherapy with healthy lifestyle modifications. Pharmacological treatment includes surgery-supported systemic therapies such as chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and supportive care, each selected according to tumour subtype, stage, and individual patient characteristics. These therapies have substantially improved survival outcomes; however, they are often associated with adverse effects that may affect patients' quality of life and treatment adherence. Lifestyle modification has emerged as an importantcomplementary strategy in breast cancer prevention, treatment, and survivorship. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, maintenance of a healthy body weight, smoking cessation, limited alcohol consumption, adequate sleep, stress management, and psychosocial support have been shown to reduce the risk of recurrence, improve treatment tolerance, minimise therapy-related complications, and enhance overall well-being. Growing scientific evidence also suggests that these interventions positively influence metabolic, inflammatory, and hormonal pathways involved in breast cancer progression. This review summarises the current evidence on the role of lifestyle modification alongside pharmacotherapy in breast cancer management. It discusses the mechanisms, therapeutic benefits, limitations, and recent advances in treatment, while emphasising the importance of a multidisciplinary and patient-centred approach. Integrating pharmacological therapies with sustainable lifestyle interventions can optimise clinical outcomes, improve quality of life, and contribute to long-term survival among breast cancer patients. This review aims to provide healthcare professionals and researchers with a comprehensive overview of current strategies and future directions in breast cancer management.