NANOPARTICLES IN DRUG DELIVERY

Nanoparticles are considered one of the most significant breakthroughs in contemporary pharmaceutics because they provide a promising approach to several disadvantages of conventional drug delivery systems. Several limitations of traditional dosage forms, such as poor bioavailability, poor drug stability, low target ability, and several side effects, may be addressed by nanoparticles in drug delivery. Nanoparticles-based drug delivery systems have been introduced to improve drug stability, enhance targeting delivery, provide controllable drug release, increase the efficacy of treatment, and reduce toxicity. This review has discussed general principles of nanotechnology and various nanoparticle systems such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, metallic nanoparticles, Nano emulsions and magnetic nanoparticles. Preparation of those Nano carriers, characterization and analysis of those nanoparticles and mechanisms of targeted delivery and controlled release of drugs from those nanoparticles, and clinical application in cancer therapy, central nervous system disease therapy, cardiovascular disease therapy, infectious disease treatment, dermatologic disease treatment, and treatment of bone disorder and other diseases are presented. Also, recent advances on stimuli-responsive Nano carriers, personalized medicines and gene delivery are outlined. However, some of challenges including toxicity of nanoparticles, mass production of nanoparticles, stability of nanoparticles, and the need for further validation before their application on the patients. Despite these challenges, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems has profoundly reshaped pharmaceutical research enabling improved therapeutic strategy with safety, efficacy, and patient-centricity. The development of these Nano delivery systems promises to accelerate the design and delivery of novel drugs and improve the outcome of the patients.