Direct exposure of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extracts to engineered water nanostructures significantly prevent Der p-induced allergic airway inflammation in mice

Abstract House dust mite extract derived from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p) is a major cause of allergic asthma; however, effective preventive approaches remain limited. This study examined whether direct treatment of Der p extract with engineered water nanostructures (EWNS) reduces the detectable allergen signal and biological responses associated with Der p 1. Der p extracts were exposed to EWNS for 1–24 h, and the ELISA-detectable Der p 1 signal was measured. Dendritic cell activation induced by EWNS-treated or untreated Der p extract normalized to Der p 1 content was evaluated in DC2.4 cells. A Der p-induced allergic airway inflammation model was generated by repeated intranasal administration of EWNS-treated or untreated Der p extract normalized to Der p 1 content. EWNS exposure reduced the ELISA-detectable Der p 1 signal. Ca 2+ influx, MHC class II expression, inflammatory cytokine production, and immune-related gene expression were attenuated by EWNS-treated Der p extract. In vivo, EWNS-treated Der p extract significantly reduced Der p-induced allergic airway inflammation, as indicated by improved percutaneous oxygen saturation and decreased pro-inflammatory responses. These findings suggest that EWNS treatment may reduce the allergenic activity of Der p extract.