Holographic description of the early universe

Abstract We apply the holographic principle based on the generalized infrared cut-off introduced by Nojiri-Odintsov [1, 2] for describing cosmological models of the universe induced by a viscous fluid in a spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric. We study the evolution of the universe in terms of the generalized equation of state (EoS) parameters. We consider the early universe, including the bounce cosmology, the inflation, and the model of the unified early and late universe. Finally, we derive the energy conservation equation from the holographic point of view in terms of generalized infrared cut-offs. As a result, we obtain an equivalent description of the bounce, inflation, unified early and late-time universe, in terms of a viscous fluid and holographic fluid.