Research on Environmental Stressors Effects and Stress‐Mitigation Technologies for Fish Transportation: A Review

ABSTRACT Increasing consumer demand for fresh and nutritious food has contributed to the expansion of fresh food from aquaculture and live fish market particularly in Asian countries. However, fish undergo stress during live transportation due to the deterioration of water quality, temperature fluctuations, and excessive densities, and so forth. As the live fish transportation directly affects fish welfare and economic efficiency, developing efficient and appropriate transport strategies has become a critical focus in aquaculture research. This paper synthesizes the major stressors associated with live fish transport, including temperature, water quality, and density. It further explores the physiological and biochemical responses induced by transport stress, such as oxidative stress, immune suppression, and tissue damage. Additionally, current mitigation strategies are reviewed from multiple perspectives, such as selective genetic breeding, dietary supplementation, water quality optimization, waterless transport, and anesthetic‐assisted handling. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive reference for understanding and managing stress during live fish transport and offers a theoretical foundation for improving fish welfare and promoting the sustainable development of aquaculture logistics.