Four Special Directions in AG(2,13): The 52-Point Obstruction and the Sharp Minimum

We prove that no 52-point subset of the affine plane F_13^2 has exactly four special directions, where a direction is special when its thirteen parallel affine lines do not all meet the set in the same number of points. A universal incidence identity and a polynomial reduction reduce every candidate to quadratic line-count profiles, whose exact classification yields a quadratic-character obstruction. The theorem quantifies over all 52-point subsets and all four-direction sets, rather than over a finite list of configurations. Combined with Ghidelli's lower bound and the 65-point construction of Kiss and Somlai, the result determines the minimum cardinality of a subset of F_13^2 with exactly four special directions: it is 65.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-08-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22138035
Primary Topic
graph theory and CDMA systems
Type
preprint
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preprint

Four Special Directions in AG(2,13): The 52-Point Obstruction and the Sharp Minimum

Qihang Wang
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
graph theory and CDMA systems
preprint

Four Special Directions in AG(2,13): The 52-Point Obstruction and the Sharp Minimum

Qihang Wang
preprint en

Abstract

We prove that no 52-point subset of the affine plane F_13^2 has exactly four special directions, where a direction is special when its thirteen parallel affine lines do not all meet the set in the same number of points. A universal incidence identity and a polynomial reduction reduce every candidate to quadratic line-count profiles, whose exact classification yields a quadratic-character obstruction. The theorem quantifies over all 52-point subsets and all four-direction sets, rather than over a finite list of configurations. Combined with Ghidelli's lower bound and the 65-point construction of Kiss and Somlai, the result determines the minimum cardinality of a subset of F_13^2 with exactly four special directions: it is 65.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Peking University (CN)
graph theory and CDMA systems
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