Fixed-excess simple paths in multidimensional king graphs

Let K_{d,n} = P_n^{⊠d} be the d-fold strong product of a path, with opposite corners s and t. For k ≥ 0, let C_{d,k}(n) count simple s–t paths with n − 1 + k edges. Coordinate deficits show that every such path has at most dk moves other than the positive main diagonal. We prove that C_{d,k}(n) = Σ_{S ⊆ I_{n+k−1,k}} (−1)^{|S|} M_{n,k}(S)^d. Consequently, as a function of d, C_{d,k}(n) is a finite linear combination of integer exponentials and therefore satisfies a constant-coefficient recurrence. For every d ≥ 2, we obtain closed forms for k = 0, 1, 2, 3; the k = 3 formula is accompanied by an independently executable Möbius certificate. A constructive skeleton-gap argument proves polynomiality for fixed d and k throughout the sufficient range n ≥ d²k² + (2d − 1)k + 2, with Q_{d,k}(n) = 1/(k!)^d [n^(dk) + α_d(k)n^(dk−1) + O(n^(dk−2))], where α_d(k) = k(2k − 3) for d = 2, and α_d(k) = (3d/2)k(k − 1) for d ≥ 3. An independent nineteen-skeleton classification verifies the two-dimensional excess-two formula. Reflection gives the exact admissible one-coordinate word count, and in the growing-dimension regime C_{n,k}(n) ~ e^[3k(k−1)/2] (n^k/k!)^n for fixed k. The novelty claim is restricted to this fixed-excess structure; the graph family and the elementary partition by path length are not new.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-08-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22136573
Primary Topic
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
Type
preprint
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preprint

Fixed-excess simple paths in multidimensional king graphs

Douglas da Silva Ferreira Brilhante
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
preprint

Fixed-excess simple paths in multidimensional king graphs

Douglas da Silva Ferreira Brilhante
preprint en

Abstract

Let K_{d,n} = P_n^{⊠d} be the d-fold strong product of a path, with opposite corners s and t. For k ≥ 0, let C_{d,k}(n) count simple s–t paths with n − 1 + k edges. Coordinate deficits show that every such path has at most dk moves other than the positive main diagonal. We prove that C_{d,k}(n) = Σ_{S ⊆ I_{n+k−1,k}} (−1)^{|S|} M_{n,k}(S)^d. Consequently, as a function of d, C_{d,k}(n) is a finite linear combination of integer exponentials and therefore satisfies a constant-coefficient recurrence. For every d ≥ 2, we obtain closed forms for k = 0, 1, 2, 3; the k = 3 formula is accompanied by an independently executable Möbius certificate. A constructive skeleton-gap argument proves polynomiality for fixed d and k throughout the sufficient range n ≥ d²k² + (2d − 1)k + 2, with Q_{d,k}(n) = 1/(k!)^d [n^(dk) + α_d(k)n^(dk−1) + O(n^(dk−2))], where α_d(k) = k(2k − 3) for d = 2, and α_d(k) = (3d/2)k(k − 1) for d ≥ 3. An independent nineteen-skeleton classification verifies the two-dimensional excess-two formula. Reflection gives the exact admissible one-coordinate word count, and in the growing-dimension regime C_{n,k}(n) ~ e^[3k(k−1)/2] (n^k/k!)^n for fixed k. The novelty claim is restricted to this fixed-excess structure; the graph family and the elementary partition by path length are not new.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (BR), Università degli Studi Internazionali di Roma (IT), Centro Universitário Internacional (MX)
Advanced Combinatorial Mathematics
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