A qualitative study exploring healthcare transition experiences among newcomer international students in Canada and opportunities for pharmacist support

BACKGROUND: Newcomer international students in Canada often face complex barriers when accessing healthcare, including limited knowledge of available services, insurance challenges, and mental health concerns. These difficulties may impact their well-being and disrupt continuity of care. Pharmacists, as accessible healthcare providers, can support these students during their healthcare transition. This study explored international students' experiences with the Canadian healthcare system and identified pharmacy-led strategies to address care gaps. METHODS: A qualitative exploratory descriptive study was conducted using virtual semi-structured interviews with 23 newcomer international students at the University of Toronto. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Transition Theory was used as a framework to capture the layered nature of students' healthcare transition. RESULTS: Four overarching concepts and their related themes were identified. Navigating the Unknown described participants' early confusion, emotional stress, and unfamiliarity with the Canadian healthcare system. Building Bridges reflected their efforts to adapt through self-education and community support, though these strategies were sometimes influenced by misinformation. Pharmacist as a Guide captured participants' experiences with pharmacists who were viewed as accessible and trusted healthcare providers supporting medication management and navigating healthcare services. Lastly, Overcoming Barriers, Building Resilience, and Improving Access reflected participant-driven recommendations, including expanding pharmacists' roles, improving health education, and offering virtual care solutions to better support international students and their families. CONCLUSION: International students face multiple challenges in accessing healthcare. Pharmacy-led education, culturally responsive support, and virtual care services can improve access and health outcomes. These findings highlight opportunities for system-level strategies to support this underserved population.