Functionalized bio-patches for intra-abdominal applications

Functionalized bio-patches, as a pivotal innovation in biomedical engineering, hold significant promise for tissue repair and regenerative medicine. Advances in emerging biomaterials and fabrication technologies have transformed these patches into multifunctional platforms. This review highlights recent advancements in the development of functional biomaterials for bio-patch fabrication. Natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and composite polymer systems are widely employed in bio-patch construction. The review then outlines the translational applications of bio-patches in abdominal wall reconstruction, gastrointestinal repair, urinary tract restoration, and vascular regeneration. Finally, the review discusses the future directions and technical challenges associated with next-generation smart bio-patches, emphasizing functional modification, mechanical optimization, and degradation control. Collectively, this review aims to provide a comprehensive yet practical reference for biomaterials researchers and clinicians to guide material selection, patch engineering, and translational decision-making.