Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of the TWSTRS ‐Delphi Motor Severity Scale for Cervical Dystonia
BACKGROUND: Cervical dystonia (CD) motor severity is typically quantified with the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS). An expanded version of the Motor Severity section of the TWSTRS ("TWSTRS-Delphi") has been previously evaluated for its clinimetric properties but not for inter- and intrarater reliability. OBJECTIVE: In this study we quantified inter- and intrarater reliability of the Motor Severity section of the TWSTRS-Delphi for CD. METHODS: Ten raters familiar with the TWSTRS-Delphi and ten raters unfamiliar with it independently scored standardized videos from 90 patients with CD. We computed one-way random intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, absolute agreement) for total and item scores. We repeated assessments and calculations with a subset of raters to assess intrarater reliability. RESULTS: Interrater reliability for the Total score was good for Familiar raters (ICC = 0.697) and fair for Unfamiliar raters (ICC = 0.566). Most individual items achieved fair-excellent interrater agreement in both groups (Familiar 0.415-0.763; Unfamiliar 0.416-0.769). Sagittal Shift, Duration, and Sensory Tricks showed poor agreement. Intrarater reliability was fair-excellent for most items in both groups (Familiar 0.494-0.927; Unfamiliar 0.413-0.877), but poor for Sagittal Shift and Duration among Familiar raters. CONCLUSIONS: The TWSTRS-Delphi yields reproducible Total and item scores across movement disorder raters. The data pinpoint Sagittal Shift, Duration, and Sensory Tricks as the principal sources of between-rater variability, defining immediate priorities for scale modification and focused training.
Institutions
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Rush University Medical Center (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- University Health Network (CA)
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Texas Medical Center (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Inserm (FR)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Toronto Western Hospital (CA)
- AdventHealth Orlando (US)
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble (FR)
- Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic (IT)
- University of Rochester Medical Center (US)
- AbbVie (United States) (US)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (US)
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Sorbonne Université (FR)
- Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Nazionale Casimiro Mondino (IT)
- Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (FR)
- Mayo Clinic in Arizona (US)
- Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (FR)
- Ospedale Generale Regionale Francesco Miulli (IT)
- Haga Hospital (NL)
- Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences (FR)
- Parkinson-Klinik Ortenau (DE)
- Université Grenoble Alpes (FR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Movement Disorders Clinical Practice
- Published
- 2026-08-27
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/mdc3.70757
- Primary Topic
- Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences