Divorce trends in Hail, Saudi Arabia, and their socio-cultural drivers (2010–2020)

Divorce has emerged as a significant and ever-increasing social challenge in contemporary Saudi Arabia, particularly among newly married couples. This study examines the socio-cultural and structural factors associated with rising divorce rates in the Hail region, which ranks among the highest in the Kingdom according to 2020 data from the Saudi General Authority for Statistics. Methodologically, the study adopts a quantitative descriptive–analytical approach based on official Saudi data (2010–2020), utilizing the divorce-to-marriage ratio to provide a proportionate measure of marital dissolution at both national and regional levels. These statistical patterns are subsequently interpreted through a socio-cultural analytical framework informed by selected theoretical perspectives, including social exchange theory and cultural theory. By linking longitudinal statistical trends with contextual socio-cultural analysis, the study moves beyond descriptive reporting to offer a better understanding of divorce dynamics. The findings highlight the interaction between changing gender roles, family structures, and cultural expectations. The study concludes with policy-relevant recommendations to promote more sustainable marital relationships in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the Hail region.