Crossing the ocean: Establishment of the invasive brown marmorated stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on Madeira Island

Abstract This study confirms the establishment of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855), on Madeira Island, Portugal. Field surveys confirmed the presence of both adults and nymphs in urban areas of Funchal. Given the species' extreme polyphagy and the island's high density of economically important crops, the establishment of H. halys poses a substantial threat to local agriculture and native biodiversity. We underscore the urgent need for targeted monitoring and early mitigation strategies.