Experimental and Numerical Study on the Use of Patch Anchors in Strengthening Concrete Slabs

Externally bonded carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) systems are used to improve the flexural performance of reinforced concrete members. However, premature debonding, particularly intermediate crack-induced (IC) debonding, limits CFRP utilization and may lead to sudden failure. This study experimentally and numerically investigates the effectiveness of CFRP patch anchors with different anchorage configurations in improving the flexural behavior and failure mode of CFRP-strengthened reinforced concrete slabs. Nine reinforced concrete slabs were tested under four-point bending, including one reference slab, two slabs strengthened with longitudinal CFRP strips without anchorage, and six slabs strengthened with CFRP strips and transverse patch anchors. The experimental results showed that CFRP increased the ultimate load by about 30–61% compared with the reference slab. The unanchored specimens failed mainly by IC debonding. In contrast, the patch-anchored specimens showed better strain distribution, delayed debonding, and a shift toward CFRP rupture. The numerical results showed good agreement with the experimental results, with ultimate-load prediction errors below 7%. Changing the patch area did not significantly increase the ultimate load, with about 0.8% difference between the mean capacities of the anchored groups, while end anchors alone were insufficient to prevent debonding. CFRP patch anchors effectively delayed premature debonding and improved CFRP utilization.