MANAGING TIME DELAYS ACROSS THE PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECT LIFECYCLE IN SOUTH AFRICA: A CRITICAL REVIEW

Abstract Time delays in public infrastructure projects remain a pervasive challenge in South Africa, undermining socio-economic development objectives and straining limited government resources. This critical review synthesizes recent research on the causes and management of time delays across all stages of the public infrastructure project lifecycle, from initiation and procurement to execution and handover. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative studies, as well as comparative analyses, the review identifies key factors contributing to delays, including payment bottlenecks, inadequate project planning, sub-contractor performance issues, political interference, and deficiencies in governance and procurement frameworks. The paper systematically assesses best practices and emerging strategies for delay mitigation, such as implementing transparent procurement processes, strengthening contract management, enhancing stakeholder engagement, and promoting the adoption of public-private partnership models. Special attention is given to the role of capacity building within the public sector and the development of robust risk management protocols tailored to the South African context. The review also explores the broader economic and social consequences of persistent project delays, such as cost overruns, reduced public trust, and hindered service delivery. By integrating insights from South African case studies and relevant international experiences, this paper provides actionable guidelines and policy recommendations aimed at improving the timely delivery of public infrastructure. The findings highlight the need for systemic reforms, multi-stakeholder collaboration, and continuous monitoring to address underlying inefficiencies. Ultimately, the review not only advances the academic discourse on infrastructure project management but also offers a practical foundation for future research and policymaking in the sector.