Effects of esmolol on stress and inflammatory responses during endoscopic sinus surgery among patients with nasal polyps: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract The present study aimed to explore the effects of esmolol on stress and inflammatory responses during endoscopic sinus surgery among patients with nasal polyps. Eighty patients with nasal polyps who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into a control group (Group C, given normal saline during general anesthesia induction and maintenance) and an esmolol group (Group E, given esmolol during anesthesia induction and maintenance). Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were lower in Group E than in Group C at T1–T5 ( P < 0.01). The cortisol (CORT) and glucose (GLU) levels at T3 and T4 did not significantly differ between Group C and Group E ( P > 0.05). The levels of interleukins (IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-10) in Group E at T3 and T4 were lower than those in Group C ( P < 0.01). Blood loss and the dosages of propofol and remifentanil were lower in Group E than in Group C ( P < 0.01). The recovery time of patients in Group E was shorter than that in Group C ( P < 0.01). Esmolol was associated with lower cardiovascular parameters and inflammatory marker levels but had a relatively small effect on the endocrine stress response of patients with nasal polyps during nasal endoscopic surgery. Trial registration: This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2400095027; date of registration: December 31, 2024).