Evaluation of different levels of nano Zinc oxdie and Triacontanol in in vitro micro propagation of grape plants and production of active compounds

The increasing demand of grapes is high among the fruit crops in terms of production, cultivation, nutritional value, and additionally a good source of minerals along with bioactive compounds like flavonoids. This study was conducted at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory (2024) to investigate the effects of nano Zinc oxide and Triacontanol on the in vitro propagation of grape ( Vitis vinifera ) and the enhancement of flavonoid production on MS nutrient medium. The experiment was designed as a factorial in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, i.e., nano Zinc oxide (0, 0.1, 0.2 ml L −1 ) and Triacontanol (0, 1, 2 ml L −1 ) with 3 replicates and 10 vials per treatment. The combination of 0.2 ml L −1 nano Zinc oxide and 2 ml L −1 Triacontanol significantly in the highest values for the number of Shoots (4.67 Shoots plantlet -1 ), Shoots length (7.33 cm), and number of leaves (9.33 leaf plantlet -1 ), with significant differences ( P < 0.05, LSD test) compared to the control treatment. The maximum contents of flavonoids were found per plantlet, e.g ., Rutin, Hesperidin, Naringin, Proanthocyanidin, and Quercetin 61.00, 56.44, 68.89, 69.22, and 71.89 µg g −1 , respectively. According to the findings, nano fertilizer, nano Zinc oxide, may enhance physiological activity in plant tissues through improved nutrient availability and possibly activation of enzymatic processes, which in turn promote the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites. Triacontanol and nano Zinc oxide worked in concert to increase the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites and encourage plant growth. However, the precise mechanisms of action require further investigation at the molecular and enzymatic levels.