The reproducible dimensionality of the human intracranial evoked response grows without detectable ceiling up to 480 trials

How many reproducible dimensions does the evoked response of a human brain contain? Perturbational complexity measures summarize the richness of a brain's response in a single number. Companion work by this author shows that what these indices track is the response's reproducible dimensionality (R-dim): the number of orthogonal response components that replicate across independent halves of the recorded trials, estimated fully out-of-sample. In simulated recurrent networks, R-dim converges with trial count to a finite ceiling that characterizes the system. This preprint asks whether the human ceiling becomes visible when far more trials are available than standard protocols provide. Using the open COGITATE intracranial-EEG dataset (visual stimulation, up to 720 trials per subject), and with the complete analysis plan, exclusion rules, two hypothesis tests and their four-cell interpretation matrix preregistered with a public timestamp before any data file was opened, R-dim was estimated across a trial grid of 30 to 480 trials in 32 usable subjects of 38 (58-194 intracranial channels; 245-698 valid trials). Main result: R-dim keeps growing to the largest trial counts measured. The sealed deceleration test was negative (high-n increments, median +0.58, not significantly smaller than low-n increments, median +0.72; p = 0.32), while top-range growth was robustly positive (p = 1.8e-5). The preregistered verdict cell reads "no detectable ceiling up to n_max". The verdict is unchanged under a 1-30 Hz analysis band (between-band Spearman rho = 0.986) and holds separately within the n_max = 240 and n_max = 480 subgroups. A four-condition audit shows the estimator does not manufacture this pattern: on response-free noise R-dim falls toward zero with increasing trials; on time-shifted real-structure data it stays below 1; on a 3-component synthetic response it saturates immediately; and on a 25-component response with decreasing amplitudes it grows steadily, recovering only about 24% of the true dimension at 480 trials. That structure-matched control reproduces the human curves closely, supporting the reading - offered explicitly as calibration-based conjecture, not measurement - that the human evoked response contains many weak reproducible components, plausibly placing its true dimensionality in the tens. A dissociation reinforces this: the level of R-dim scales with electrode coverage (Spearman rho = 0.58 with channel count), but the growth at high trial counts does not (rho = 0.03). Implication for practice: single-number complexity comparisons across studies with different trial counts are confounded by design; R-dim curves, not points, are the comparable object. Together with previously reported TMS-EEG results, trial-scaling growth of reproducible dimensionality is now documented in 62 brains across two modalities and two independent datasets, in each case under a preregistration sealed before the data were seen. Files: full preprint (HTML), figure 1 (per-subject curves and increment scatter), figure 2 (four-condition estimator audit), and a reproducible code archive containing all analysis scripts, preregistrations, per-subject numerical results, and the verification script that recomputes every number claimed in the paper. No human subject data are redistributed.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-08-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22120070
Primary Topic
Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
Type
preprint
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preprint

The reproducible dimensionality of the human intracranial evoked response grows without detectable ceiling up to 480 trials

Nicolás Federico Galindez
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
preprint

The reproducible dimensionality of the human intracranial evoked response grows without detectable ceiling up to 480 trials

Nicolás Federico Galindez
preprint en

Abstract

How many reproducible dimensions does the evoked response of a human brain contain? Perturbational complexity measures summarize the richness of a brain's response in a single number. Companion work by this author shows that what these indices track is the response's reproducible dimensionality (R-dim): the number of orthogonal response components that replicate across independent halves of the recorded trials, estimated fully out-of-sample. In simulated recurrent networks, R-dim converges with trial count to a finite ceiling that characterizes the system. This preprint asks whether the human ceiling becomes visible when far more trials are available than standard protocols provide. Using the open COGITATE intracranial-EEG dataset (visual stimulation, up to 720 trials per subject), and with the complete analysis plan, exclusion rules, two hypothesis tests and their four-cell interpretation matrix preregistered with a public timestamp before any data file was opened, R-dim was estimated across a trial grid of 30 to 480 trials in 32 usable subjects of 38 (58-194 intracranial channels; 245-698 valid trials). Main result: R-dim keeps growing to the largest trial counts measured. The sealed deceleration test was negative (high-n increments, median +0.58, not significantly smaller than low-n increments, median +0.72; p = 0.32), while top-range growth was robustly positive (p = 1.8e-5). The preregistered verdict cell reads "no detectable ceiling up to n_max". The verdict is unchanged under a 1-30 Hz analysis band (between-band Spearman rho = 0.986) and holds separately within the n_max = 240 and n_max = 480 subgroups. A four-condition audit shows the estimator does not manufacture this pattern: on response-free noise R-dim falls toward zero with increasing trials; on time-shifted real-structure data it stays below 1; on a 3-component synthetic response it saturates immediately; and on a 25-component response with decreasing amplitudes it grows steadily, recovering only about 24% of the true dimension at 480 trials. That structure-matched control reproduces the human curves closely, supporting the reading - offered explicitly as calibration-based conjecture, not measurement - that the human evoked response contains many weak reproducible components, plausibly placing its true dimensionality in the tens. A dissociation reinforces this: the level of R-dim scales with electrode coverage (Spearman rho = 0.58 with channel count), but the growth at high trial counts does not (rho = 0.03). Implication for practice: single-number complexity comparisons across studies with different trial counts are confounded by design; R-dim curves, not points, are the comparable object. Together with previously reported TMS-EEG results, trial-scaling growth of reproducible dimensionality is now documented in 62 brains across two modalities and two independent datasets, in each case under a preregistration sealed before the data were seen. Files: full preprint (HTML), figure 1 (per-subject curves and increment scatter), figure 2 (four-condition estimator audit), and a reproducible code archive containing all analysis scripts, preregistrations, per-subject numerical results, and the verification script that recomputes every number claimed in the paper. No human subject data are redistributed.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Reduced inequalities
Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
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