Determination of Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Fruit Tree Resins Belonging to the Prunus Species and Determination of Their In Vivo Diuretic Activities

This study aimed to evaluate the phenolic content, mineral profile, antioxidant capacity, and in vivo diuretic activity of resins secreted by Rosaceae family trees grown in the same environment. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum nitrate methods, respectively. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated via iron-reducing power, copper-reducing capacity, and DPPH assays. Resin chemical composition, phenolic structures, and mineral content were analyzed using GC/MS, HPLC, and ICP-MS. For the in vivo diuretic activity, Wistar albino rats were divided into control (0.9% NaCl), furosemide (10 mg/kg), and resin extract (100 mg/kg) groups. Urine samples were collected at 5 and 24 h to analyze diuretic activity, creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium, and chloride levels. Plant resins demonstrated high phenolic and flavonoid contents, strong antioxidant properties, and rich essential mineral profiles with valuable bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the resins exhibited potential diuretic activity parallel to that of furosemide. At 24 h, urine activity was high in Prunus spinosa and Prunus dulcis, while Prunus domestica, Prunus cerasifera, Prunus armeniaca, and Prunus persica showed moderate activity. Prunus plant resins possess significant potential as bioactive components, natural antioxidants, or preservatives in food formulations. Additionally, their demonstrated diuretic effect highlights their promising therapeutic potential in fluid balance management.