Degradation‐aware energy management for photovoltaic‐storage‐charging microgrids under extreme operating environments: A comprehensive review

Abstract Photovoltaic‐storage‐charging microgrids (PSCMs) are being increasingly deployed in extreme environments, including desert, polar, coastal and high‐altitude regions, to provide a reliable and sustainable power supply. However, these harsh environments significantly accelerate the degradation of photovoltaic arrays, battery storage systems and electric vehicle charging infrastructures. Effectively managing PSCMs under these conditions requires energy management systems with control strategies that explicitly account for environment‐dependent degradation dynamics. This paper provides a comprehensive review of degradation‐aware energy management for PSCMs operating in extreme environments. First, extreme operating environments are classified using quantitative thresholds, and their specific degradation effects on PSCM components are systematically analysed. Next, degradation modelling approaches comprising analytical models, data‐driven approximations and physics‐informed enhancements are reviewed and compared. Current energy management strategies, ranging from model‐based methods to data‐driven reinforcement learning and hybrid architectures, are then examined. Finally, future research directions are outlined, focusing on generalizable multi‐stress degradation models, principled degradation‐aware control frameworks and comprehensive datasets and digital twin testbeds.