Building environmental education capacity in schools: the role of network forms

A significant challenge to embedding Environmental Education (EE) in schools is building capacity within school systems already constrained by institutional routines and competing demands. Local EE networks, which connect schools with external providers, are increasingly proposed as a viable approach. While existing research emphasizes internal network processes such as trust-building, less attention has been given to how specific network structures affect schools’ access to EE expertise and programming, as well as the equitable distribution of EE services. This paper presents an exploratory study on how a transition in network governance—from the shared governance structure to the lead organization structure—impacts capacity for providing EE services in schools. The paper uses bipartite network analysis to examine a Local Education Authority-led EE network. Findings demonstrate that the lead organization network structure both enhances schools’ EE capacity through increased access to diverse services and has the potential to improve equity. Future research should investigate other network structures and conduct comparative studies to consider the most effective network structures to advance EE capacity in schools.