Clitoria ternatea L.: Phytochemistry, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential, Bioactive Peptides, Traditional Uses and Emerging Therapeutic Applications

AbstractClitoria ternatea L., commonly known as butterfly pea or blue ternate, is a tropical Fabaceae plant withlong-standing traditional use and growing scientific interest as a source of antioxidant, antibacterial,peptide and nutraceutical bioactives. The supplied dissertation describes C. ternatea as aphytochemically diverse plant containing anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins,alkaloids, coumarins, proteins and cyclotides. The characteristic blue flowers contain ternatin-typeanthocyanins that are associated with antioxidant activity, while peptides and secondary metabolitescontribute to antimicrobial and other pharmacological effects. The dissertation’s experimental studyused flower material and Soxhlet extraction, followed by phytochemical screening, total phenolic andflavonoid estimation, DPPH radical-scavenging evaluation and agar-well diffusion testing. Themethanolic extract showed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity, with a reported DPPH IC50of 53.83 μg/mL compared with 24.40 μg/mL for ascorbic acid. Antibacterial testing demonstratedconcentration-dependent inhibition of Salmonella enterica and Klebsiella pneumoniae. For S. enterica,mean inhibition zones increased from 7.67 ± 1.247 mm at 50 μg/mL to 16.67 ± 1.700 mm at 400μg/mL. For K. pneumoniae, corresponding values were 10.00 ± 0.816 and 17.00 ± 0.816 mm. Thedissertation reports a MIC of 0.78 μg/mL against S. enterica and inhibition of K. pneumoniae at 125μg/mL in the discussed assay. Literature summarized in the source further supports antibacterial,antibiofilm, antioxidant, anticancer, insecticidal, neuroprotective and nanobiotechnology applications.The strongest translational opportunity lies in standardized, chemically characterized preparations andisolated compounds or peptides, followed by mechanistic, toxicological, pharmacokinetic and clinicalvalidation.