A Review of Engineered Ferroelectric Materials: Synthesis Approaches, Physical Properties, and Technological Applications

Ferroelectric materials are unique materials that possess spontaneous polarization, which can be reversed by the application of external electric field, making them versatile in the array of modern technologies. Their unique properties, such as high dielectric permittivity, piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, and electro‐optic responses, make them applicable into the broad spectrum of applications such as sensors, nonvolatile memory devices, energy harvesting systems, actuators, microelectronic components. This review paper discusses the different ferroelectric materials and their synthesis techniques of the ferroelectric material which is used to determine the functionality and performance of these materials. Synthesis methods such as sol–gel processing, pulsed laser deposition, and chemical vapor deposition offer exact control over crystallinity, thickness of the film, and composition which influence material behavior. Furthermore, this review paper also discusses the applications of the ferroelectric materials and showcases the recent advancements that are shaping the future of ferroelectric technology. Ferroelectric materials ability to couple the electrical, mechanical, thermal, and optical responses makes them perfect fit for the multifunctional and adaptive devices. From miniaturized electronics to the adaptive devices, ferroelectric materials are at the cutting edge of the innovation in the field of clean energy.