HII-CHI-mistry for active galactic nuclei: optical sulphur abundances without empirical ionisation correction factors

The determination of sulphur abundances in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is uncertain because ionisation correction factors (ICFs) are commonly calibrated for HII regions. We extend the HII-CHI-mistry methodology to derive total S/H in AGN from optical emission lines through comparison with photoionisation models. Tests against Seyfert galaxies with direct-method ionic abundances favour models with alpha_ox=-1.2 and a 98% free-electron stopping criterion. While O/H agrees with previous determinations, HCm yields systematically larger S/H than direct-method analyses using classical ICFs, suggesting that these prescriptions underestimate higher sulphur ionisation stages in AGN. Applied to MaNGA Seyfert and LINER-like regions, the method reveals a common positive S/O-metallicity relation. Seyferts show slightly larger median S/O than star-forming regions at high O/H, while LINERs occupy an intermediate position. These differences become weaker when S/H rather than O/H is used as the metallicity tracer, although Seyferts still tend to populate the upper envelope. Sulphur may therefore provide a robust tracer of gas-phase metallicity, while the differences between Seyferts and LINERs may reflect differences in their ionisation conditions and ionising SEDs.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
The Open Journal of Astrophysics
Published
2026-10-28
DOI
https://doi.org/10.33232/001c.173273
Primary Topic
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
article

HII-CHI-mistry for active galactic nuclei: optical sulphur abundances without empirical ionisation correction factors

Borja Pérez-Díaz, Enrique Pérez-Montero, O. L. Dors, I.A. Zinchenko et al.
2 links
The Open Journal of Astrophysics
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
article

HII-CHI-mistry for active galactic nuclei: optical sulphur abundances without empirical ionisation correction factors

Borja Pérez-Díaz, Enrique Pérez-Montero, O. L. Dors, I.A. Zinchenko, J. M. V\'ılchez
article en

Abstract

The determination of sulphur abundances in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is uncertain because ionisation correction factors (ICFs) are commonly calibrated for HII regions. We extend the HII-CHI-mistry methodology to derive total S/H in AGN from optical emission lines through comparison with photoionisation models. Tests against Seyfert galaxies with direct-method ionic abundances favour models with alpha_ox=-1.2 and a 98% free-electron stopping criterion. While O/H agrees with previous determinations, HCm yields systematically larger S/H than direct-method analyses using classical ICFs, suggesting that these prescriptions underestimate higher sulphur ionisation stages in AGN. Applied to MaNGA Seyfert and LINER-like regions, the method reveals a common positive S/O-metallicity relation. Seyferts show slightly larger median S/O than star-forming regions at high O/H, while LINERs occupy an intermediate position. These differences become weaker when S/H rather than O/H is used as the metallicity tracer, although Seyferts still tend to populate the upper envelope. Sulphur may therefore provide a robust tracer of gas-phase metallicity, while the differences between Seyferts and LINERs may reflect differences in their ionisation conditions and ionising SEDs.

The Open Journal of AstrophysicsVol. 9
Openalex Percentile: Top 33%
Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

Laika access coming soon
HII-CHI-mistry for active galactic nuclei: optical sulphur abundances without empirical ionisation correction factors — Borja Pérez-Díaz, Enrique Pérez-Montero, et al. · The Open Journal of Astrophysics (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS