Kinetically Trapped High‐Density Interstitial Mn 2+ Enables Concentration‐Quenching‐Free Persistent Luminescence in CsCdCl 3 Perovskites

ABSTRACT Long‐persistent luminescence materials commonly suffer from concentration quenching at high dopant levels, limiting simultaneous optimization of luminescent centers and trap states. Herein, we report a kinetically controlled room‐temperature strategy for high‐density interstitial Mn 2+ doping in CsCdCl 3 perovskites. Using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as both bromine source and crystallization modulator, rapid nucleation kinetically traps Mn 2+ ions at interstitial sites within a Br–expanded lattice, bypassing thermodynamically favored substitutional incorporation. This nonequilibrium doping configuration effectively suppresses Mn 2+ aggregation and breaks the concentration‐quenching limit of conventional substitutional doping, enabling efficient emission even at 20% Mn 2+ loading. The cooperative halide–interstitial doping further establishes a hierarchical trap landscape with optimized carrier trapping and release behavior. Consequently, the material exhibits a near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield of 94.2%, ultralong persistent luminescence exceeding 4000 s, continuously tunable afterglow emission, and anomalous thermally enhanced luminescence over 77–407 K. The synthesis is completed within 20 s at room temperature and is readily scalable to gram‐level production. Multifunctional applications including optical thermometry, rewritable information storage, and dynamic anti‐counterfeiting are further demonstrated.

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Publication Details

Journal
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Published
2026-08-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.6735869
Primary Topic
Perovskite Materials and Applications
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Kinetically Trapped High‐Density Interstitial Mn 2+ Enables Concentration‐Quenching‐Free Persistent Luminescence in CsCdCl 3 Perovskites

Wenhuai Feng, Yuxuan Fang, Ying Tan, Wu‐Qiang Wu et al.
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Perovskite Materials and Applications
article

Kinetically Trapped High‐Density Interstitial Mn 2+ Enables Concentration‐Quenching‐Free Persistent Luminescence in CsCdCl 3 Perovskites

Wenhuai Feng, Yuxuan Fang, Ying Tan, Wu‐Qiang Wu, Huanyu Chen, Zhenhua Song, Qiudong Duan, Zhirou Chen, Shuo Zhang, Guo Yang
article en

Abstract

ABSTRACT Long‐persistent luminescence materials commonly suffer from concentration quenching at high dopant levels, limiting simultaneous optimization of luminescent centers and trap states. Herein, we report a kinetically controlled room‐temperature strategy for high‐density interstitial Mn 2+ doping in CsCdCl 3 perovskites. Using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as both bromine source and crystallization modulator, rapid nucleation kinetically traps Mn 2+ ions at interstitial sites within a Br–expanded lattice, bypassing thermodynamically favored substitutional incorporation. This nonequilibrium doping configuration effectively suppresses Mn 2+ aggregation and breaks the concentration‐quenching limit of conventional substitutional doping, enabling efficient emission even at 20% Mn 2+ loading. The cooperative halide–interstitial doping further establishes a hierarchical trap landscape with optimized carrier trapping and release behavior. Consequently, the material exhibits a near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield of 94.2%, ultralong persistent luminescence exceeding 4000 s, continuously tunable afterglow emission, and anomalous thermally enhanced luminescence over 77–407 K. The synthesis is completed within 20 s at room temperature and is readily scalable to gram‐level production. Multifunctional applications including optical thermometry, rewritable information storage, and dynamic anti‐counterfeiting are further demonstrated.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition
Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Research and Development Program of China, Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province
Openalex Percentile: Top 19%
Perovskite Materials and Applications
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