Generative Artificial Intelligence and Human Artificial Intelligence Interaction in Immersive Environments: Research and Development Directions

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in immersive environments (IEs) is rapidly reshaping the ways humans interact with digital content, raising a range of cognitive, social, and ergonomic concerns in interactive computing. Such transformation calls for systematic reviews of the integration of GenAI and Human–AI (HAI) interaction in IEs, as the work in both areas remains limited. This systematic survey addresses the gap, focusing on GenAI and HAI interaction in IEs. The paper adopts an HAI interaction framework structured around user intent, AI processing, and iterative interaction, with embedded analysis through experiential, educational, and epistemic lenses. This framework clarifies how presence, engagement, and agency shape the user experience alongside trust, transparency, and explainability. The results highlight the roles of GenAI and HAI in IEs and show where they converge and diverge. The paper outlines future directions across four areas: real-time performance, multimodal interaction, dataset diversity and ethics, emphasising a human-centred approach.