Electrochemical properties of neodymium-doped vanadium oxide nanoparticles in supercapacitor applications

Pure V2O5 and Nd3+-doped V2O5 nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and investigated as supercapacitor electrode materials. XRD confirmed the orthorhombic crystal structure, while FTIR, PL, and morphological analyses revealed structural modifications induced by Nd3+ incorporation. Among the doped samples, 3% Nd3+-doped V2O5 exhibited the best electrochemical performance. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed a specific capacitance of 451.12 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1, compared to 375.93 F g−1 for pure V2O5. Galvanostatic charge–discharge studies yielded capacitance values of 331.57 and 319.29 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 for 3% Nd3+-doped and pure V2O5, respectively. The enhanced performance is attributed to Nd-induced lattice distortions, defect formation, and improved charge transport. Furthermore, the doped sample demonstrated good rate capability and electrochemical stability, highlighting its potential as a promising electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.