Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of La/Nd co-doped BaSnO3/SnO2 nanocomposites for MB and MG dye degradation

In the present work, La/Nd co-doped BaSnO 3 /SnO 2 nanocomposites were prepared via a simple co-precipitation method for efficient photocatalytic degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) and Malachite Green (MG) dyes. The resulting nanostructures were examined using (XRD) X-ray diffraction for crystal phase determination, (FESEM) Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope for morphology, (FT-IR) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for functional groups, and (UV-DRS) UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectrometry for optical properties. Furthermore, La/Nd doping results in a notable red-shift in the light absorption range since the bandgap is reduced to 3.0 eV in La/Nd co-doped BaSnO 3 /SnO 2 as opposed to 3.28 eV for pure BaSnO 3 /SnO 2 . PL study shows significantly suppressed emission intensity for the La–Nd co-doped sample. Under UV light, the resulting composites are utilized to photo-degrade Methylene Blue (MB) and Malachite Green (MG). After 90 min, the most effective and recyclable photocatalyst for the oxidation of MB and MG is the La/Nd co-doped BaSnO 3 /SnO 2 . The improved structural integrity, reduced electron–hole recombination, and favorable surface morphology collectively contributed to the superior photocatalytic activity of La/Nd co-doped BaSnO 3 /SnO 2 .