Collaborative Digital Electoral Governance and Political Misinformation in Indonesia’s Platform-Mediated Elections

Digital platforms have become central to electoral communication, political persuasion, and campaign visibility, but they also intensify risks of political misinformation and deceptive electoral persuasion. This study examines how collaborative digital electoral governance shapes institutional and co-regulatory responses to political misinformation in Indonesia’s platform-mediated elections. Using qualitative document analysis and verified-case mapping, the study analyzes 64 legal and policy documents and 320 verified misinformation cases from the 2019 and 2024 national elections. The findings show that visible responses increased from 41.3% in 2019 to 68.1% in 2024, indicating stronger public correction capacity and partial institutional learning. Fact-checking, public clarification, platform labeling or removal, cross-institutional referral, and digital literacy messaging became more visible in 2024. However, response capacity remained uneven. Procedural misinformation was the most actionable category, while identity-based misinformation remained the most difficult to govern. The study develops Collaborative Digital Electoral Governance as a middle-range framework that links ethical political marketing, platform accountability, electoral governance, and information integrity. It argues that misinformation governance requires not only truthful campaign communication but also coordinated, visible, and accountable corrective mechanisms across electoral institutions, regulators, digital platforms, journalists, fact-checkers, and civil society organizations.