Kinetically inert covalent adaptable networks enable holistic resource recovery from high-performance printed circuit boards

The massive accumulation of electronic waste (e-waste) globally demands sustainable strategies for printed circuit boards (PCBs), a goal currently hindered by the pervasive use of irreversibly cured epoxy resins. Here, a kinetically inert covalent adaptable network (CAN) is designed for recyclable high-performance PCB based on gem-dimethyl dithioketal (gTK) epoxy resins. The gem-dimethyl effect significantly enhances the stability of gTK bonds through steric hindrance, kinetically blocking undesirable acidolysis and heat-induced exchange reactions. The fabricated gTKPCB satisfies the demanding commercial specifications, exhibiting robust thermomechanical stability (~ 220 °C), chemical resistance, and highly reliable electrical interconnection under long-term thermal conditions (105 °C, 90 d). Crucially, gTKPCBs undergo oxidation-specific degradation in H2O2 solution, enabling the direct, nondestructive recovery of high-purity copper (99.5%) and glass fibers, and the degraded resins as adhesives. Life cycle assessment confirms that this valorization approach significantly mitigates environmental impact compared to traditional metallurgical recovery processes. This work provides a powerful blueprint for sustainable transitions in the electronics industry and offers a holistic solution for e-waste recycling. The accumulation of electronic waste demands sustainable strategies for printed circuit boards, a goal limited by the use of cured epoxy resins. Here the authors develop a kinetically inert covalent adaptable network designed for recyclable high-performance printed circuit boards based on gem-dimethyl dithioketal epoxy resins.

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Publication Details

Journal
Nature Communications
Published
2026-08-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-77223-7
Primary Topic
Advanced Data Storage Technologies
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Kinetically inert covalent adaptable networks enable holistic resource recovery from high-performance printed circuit boards

Changyou Gao, Haijun Hu, Wenxing Liu, Xiping Chen et al.
Nature Communications
Advanced Data Storage Technologies
article

Kinetically inert covalent adaptable networks enable holistic resource recovery from high-performance printed circuit boards

Changyou Gao, Haijun Hu, Wenxing Liu, Xiping Chen, Lei Huang, Zeyuan Jin, Yongyuan Kang, Tanjie Song
article en

Abstract

The massive accumulation of electronic waste (e-waste) globally demands sustainable strategies for printed circuit boards (PCBs), a goal currently hindered by the pervasive use of irreversibly cured epoxy resins. Here, a kinetically inert covalent adaptable network (CAN) is designed for recyclable high-performance PCB based on gem-dimethyl dithioketal (gTK) epoxy resins. The gem-dimethyl effect significantly enhances the stability of gTK bonds through steric hindrance, kinetically blocking undesirable acidolysis and heat-induced exchange reactions. The fabricated gTKPCB satisfies the demanding commercial specifications, exhibiting robust thermomechanical stability (~ 220 °C), chemical resistance, and highly reliable electrical interconnection under long-term thermal conditions (105 °C, 90 d). Crucially, gTKPCBs undergo oxidation-specific degradation in H2O2 solution, enabling the direct, nondestructive recovery of high-purity copper (99.5%) and glass fibers, and the degraded resins as adhesives. Life cycle assessment confirms that this valorization approach significantly mitigates environmental impact compared to traditional metallurgical recovery processes. This work provides a powerful blueprint for sustainable transitions in the electronics industry and offers a holistic solution for e-waste recycling. The accumulation of electronic waste demands sustainable strategies for printed circuit boards, a goal limited by the use of cured epoxy resins. Here the authors develop a kinetically inert covalent adaptable network designed for recyclable high-performance printed circuit boards based on gem-dimethyl dithioketal epoxy resins.

Nature Communications
Shaoxing University (CN), Westlake University (CN), Hangzhou Wanxiang Polytechnic (CN), Zhejiang University (CN)
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Zhejiang University, Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project
Decent work and economic growth
Openalex Percentile: Top 8%
Advanced Data Storage Technologies
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