Kinetically inert covalent adaptable networks enable holistic resource recovery from high-performance printed circuit boards
The massive accumulation of electronic waste (e-waste) globally demands sustainable strategies for printed circuit boards (PCBs), a goal currently hindered by the pervasive use of irreversibly cured epoxy resins. Here, a kinetically inert covalent adaptable network (CAN) is designed for recyclable high-performance PCB based on gem-dimethyl dithioketal (gTK) epoxy resins. The gem-dimethyl effect significantly enhances the stability of gTK bonds through steric hindrance, kinetically blocking undesirable acidolysis and heat-induced exchange reactions. The fabricated gTKPCB satisfies the demanding commercial specifications, exhibiting robust thermomechanical stability (~ 220 °C), chemical resistance, and highly reliable electrical interconnection under long-term thermal conditions (105 °C, 90 d). Crucially, gTKPCBs undergo oxidation-specific degradation in H2O2 solution, enabling the direct, nondestructive recovery of high-purity copper (99.5%) and glass fibers, and the degraded resins as adhesives. Life cycle assessment confirms that this valorization approach significantly mitigates environmental impact compared to traditional metallurgical recovery processes. This work provides a powerful blueprint for sustainable transitions in the electronics industry and offers a holistic solution for e-waste recycling. The accumulation of electronic waste demands sustainable strategies for printed circuit boards, a goal limited by the use of cured epoxy resins. Here the authors develop a kinetically inert covalent adaptable network designed for recyclable high-performance printed circuit boards based on gem-dimethyl dithioketal epoxy resins.
Authors
- Changyou Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-7208)
- Haijun Hu
- Wenxing Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6073-4685)
- Xiping Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0872-3193)
- Lei Huang
- Zeyuan Jin
- Yongyuan Kang
- Tanjie Song
Institutions
- Shaoxing University (CN)
- Westlake University (CN)
- Hangzhou Wanxiang Polytechnic (CN)
- Zhejiang University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2026-08-27
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-77223-7
- Primary Topic
- Advanced Data Storage Technologies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Zhejiang University
- Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project