The Discrete Spatial Lattice Cosmology: Resolving the Vacuum Catastrophe, the Hubble Tension, and Deriving the Absolute Baryonic Mass of the Universe via Geometric Spatial Latency

The CDM framework inherently models spacetime as a continuous manifold, leading to singularities, the Vacuum Catastrophe, and the necessity of dark sector parameters. We present a discrete geometric framework modeling the universe as a quantifiable spatial lattice where time emerges exclusively from topological information latency. By applying Einstein's geometric coupling factor to the absolute minimal scale (), we deductively establish the resting interval of the unperturbed spatial lattice at m. Macroscopically, to establish an uncorrupted baseline for the cosmic expansion, we filtered 4,322 galactic observations from the Cosmicflows-4 database into a kinematic "Goldilocks Zone" (20–60 Mpc). This isolation neutralizes local peculiar velocities and observational resolution limits, extracting a global baseline expansion rate of km/s/Mpc. Dividing the theoretical maximum oscillation limit (Planck frequency) by this macroscopic expansion rate yields a universal Latency Ratio of . By treating this ratio as the sum of fundamental geometric inertia limits (Planck masses), we deterministically derive the total absolute baryonic mass of the observable universe as kg. This yields an exact match with independent Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) constraints, proving the universe operates as a closed, parameter-free discrete manifold driven solely by baryonic mass.