Proximal Steric Shielding Unlocks High Solid‐State Luminescence in Quinoxaline‐Fused Pyrene Heteroacenes
Achieving high quantum yields in neat films of extended heteroacenes remains challenging because their large aromatic surfaces promote aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and non-radiative decay, while often limiting solubility and solution processability. Here we introduce proximal steric shielding to control solid-state emission in quinoxaline-fused pyrene heteroacenes. By systematically varying tri-/tetraphenylethene and alkynylsilane substituents around the heteroacene core, we establish a clear structure-property relationship showing that solid-state emission depends not simply on the amount of steric bulk, but on the spatial positioning of these substituents relative to the emissive π-system. A modular synthetic route gives four soluble azaacenes with low solution PLQYs (6%-14%) but strongly enhanced emission in neat films. The optimised triPE-TIPS derivative exhibits a PLQY of 82%, among the highest values reported for linearly fused azaacenes. Single-crystal x-ray analysis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, fluorescence lifetime measurements, aggregation studies, and DFT calculations collectively support a mechanism in which the matched proximal arrangement of triPE and TIPS groups suppresses close π-π contacts and reduces non-radiative decay. Importantly, the enhanced neat-film emission is distinct from conventional aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior, instead arising from substituent-position-controlled molecular packing. These findings establish proximal steric shielding as a practical design strategy for suppressing solid-state quenching in extended π-systems.
Authors
- Tomáš Šolomek (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0013-4116)
- Susnata Pramanik (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5623-439X)
- S. G. Patil
- Sudhakar Gaikwad (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-6963)
- Rafiq Ahamed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0342-3748)
- Guddeti Sai
- M. Dutta
- S. B. Fisher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7517-7760)
- Anil Bhadke (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-4187)
- Rama Krishna Gamidi
Institutions
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology (IN)
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune (IN)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- National Chemical Laboratory (IN)
- Textile Research Institute (US)
- Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (NL)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Chemistry - A European Journal
- Published
- 2026-08-25
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.71622
- Primary Topic
- Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00