Proximal Steric Shielding Unlocks High Solid‐State Luminescence in Quinoxaline‐Fused Pyrene Heteroacenes

Achieving high quantum yields in neat films of extended heteroacenes remains challenging because their large aromatic surfaces promote aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and non-radiative decay, while often limiting solubility and solution processability. Here we introduce proximal steric shielding to control solid-state emission in quinoxaline-fused pyrene heteroacenes. By systematically varying tri-/tetraphenylethene and alkynylsilane substituents around the heteroacene core, we establish a clear structure-property relationship showing that solid-state emission depends not simply on the amount of steric bulk, but on the spatial positioning of these substituents relative to the emissive π-system. A modular synthetic route gives four soluble azaacenes with low solution PLQYs (6%-14%) but strongly enhanced emission in neat films. The optimised triPE-TIPS derivative exhibits a PLQY of 82%, among the highest values reported for linearly fused azaacenes. Single-crystal x-ray analysis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, fluorescence lifetime measurements, aggregation studies, and DFT calculations collectively support a mechanism in which the matched proximal arrangement of triPE and TIPS groups suppresses close π-π contacts and reduces non-radiative decay. Importantly, the enhanced neat-film emission is distinct from conventional aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior, instead arising from substituent-position-controlled molecular packing. These findings establish proximal steric shielding as a practical design strategy for suppressing solid-state quenching in extended π-systems.

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Publication Details

Journal
Chemistry - A European Journal
Published
2026-08-25
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.71622
Primary Topic
Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
Type
article
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article

Proximal Steric Shielding Unlocks High Solid‐State Luminescence in Quinoxaline‐Fused Pyrene Heteroacenes

Tomáš Šolomek, Susnata Pramanik, S. G. Patil, Sudhakar Gaikwad et al.
Chemistry - A European Journal
Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
article

Proximal Steric Shielding Unlocks High Solid‐State Luminescence in Quinoxaline‐Fused Pyrene Heteroacenes

Tomáš Šolomek, Susnata Pramanik, S. G. Patil, Sudhakar Gaikwad, Rafiq Ahamed, Guddeti Sai, M. Dutta, S. B. Fisher, Anil Bhadke, Rama Krishna Gamidi
article en

Abstract

Achieving high quantum yields in neat films of extended heteroacenes remains challenging because their large aromatic surfaces promote aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) and non-radiative decay, while often limiting solubility and solution processability. Here we introduce proximal steric shielding to control solid-state emission in quinoxaline-fused pyrene heteroacenes. By systematically varying tri-/tetraphenylethene and alkynylsilane substituents around the heteroacene core, we establish a clear structure-property relationship showing that solid-state emission depends not simply on the amount of steric bulk, but on the spatial positioning of these substituents relative to the emissive π-system. A modular synthetic route gives four soluble azaacenes with low solution PLQYs (6%-14%) but strongly enhanced emission in neat films. The optimised triPE-TIPS derivative exhibits a PLQY of 82%, among the highest values reported for linearly fused azaacenes. Single-crystal x-ray analysis, Hirshfeld surface analysis, fluorescence lifetime measurements, aggregation studies, and DFT calculations collectively support a mechanism in which the matched proximal arrangement of triPE and TIPS groups suppresses close π-π contacts and reduces non-radiative decay. Importantly, the enhanced neat-film emission is distinct from conventional aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behavior, instead arising from substituent-position-controlled molecular packing. These findings establish proximal steric shielding as a practical design strategy for suppressing solid-state quenching in extended π-systems.

Chemistry - A European Journal
SRM Institute of Science and Technology (IN), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune (IN), University of Cambridge (GB), National Chemical Laboratory (IN), Textile Research Institute (US), Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (NL)
Openalex Percentile: Top 22%
Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
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