Empowering Consumer Participation in Energy Systems: A Comprehensive Analysis of Consumer Archetypes and Their Satisfaction Metrics in Germany

ABSTRACT Active consumer participation is widely regarded as a key enabler of the energy transition, with emerging digital technologies creating new opportunities for engagement. However, these technologies only contribute to sustainable development if they are perceived as beneficial by diverse consumer groups. Hence, this paper examines how consumer satisfaction with multidimensional energy features varies across socio‐demographic archetypes. Using a representative survey of 400 consumers in Germany, we identify four consumer archetypes through k ‐means clustering based on income, ownership status, and perceived importance of the energy transition. Applying the Kano model, we assess satisfaction responses to 14 energy features. High‐income, energy‐conscious consumers exhibit the highest satisfaction and classify six energy features as attractive, valuing energy autarky and green electricity, while high‐income, energy‐unconscious consumers are indifferent to most features. These findings highlight the limitations of one‐size‐fits‐all participation strategies and underscore the need for archetype‐sensitive policies to support socially inclusive and sustainable energy systems.