Epidemiology of acute sports injuries in Hong Kong elite fencing athletes: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected injury surveillance data

Purpose This research investigates the epidemiology of acute sports injuries amongst elite fencers in Hong Kong, focusing on the unique injury risks associated with the sport's specialized techniques and equipment. Methods A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected injury surveillance data was conducted involving 61 elite fencers from the Hong Kong Sports Institute over one competitive season, from October 2022 to October 2023. Injury data were collected and analyzed to determine incidence rates, types, locations, and mechanisms of injuries. Results There were 182 recorded injuries, resulting in an overall injury incidence rate of 2.84 per 1000 training hours (95% CI: 2.43–3.26). Sabre fencers had the highest injury rate at 3.17 per 1000 h (95% CI: 2.47–3.86), followed by Epee at 3.05 (95% CI: 2.26–3.83) and Foil at 2.23 (95% CI: 1.57–2.88). Sprains (39.0%) and strains (28.6%) were the most common injury types, with the hand (16.5%), ankle (13.7%), and thigh (12.1%) being the most injured areas. Non-contact injuries predominated (61.5%), mostly affecting the lower extremities (67.0% of non-contact injuries), while contact mechanisms (26.4%) primarily impacted the upper limbs. Analysis of inciting events identified “landing” and “collision” as the most common identifiable causes. Time loss occurred in 5.5% of injuries, with 50% causing 8–12 days of absence, primarily due to strains (40%) and concussions (30%). No substantial difference was observed in injury rates between males and females (RR: 0.995, 95% CI: 0.74–1.33, p = 0.974). Conclusions Elite fencers in Hong Kong sustained injuries at 2.84 per 1000 training hours, predominantly non-contact sprains and strains affecting the lower extremities. Sabre showed the highest injury rate compared to other disciplines. Time-loss injuries were uncommon (5.5%), reflecting mild injury severity. Targeted prevention strategies for sabre fencers and lower extremity injuries are warranted to optimize athlete safety.