Effects of Fertilization and Wheat Straw Management on Rice Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Paddy Fields

ABSTRACT Environmental pollution caused by excessive nitrogen fertilization has become increasingly serious, making optimized fertilization and straw management critical for improving agricultural sustainability. This study involved a two‐year field trial with three fertilization strategies: conventional fertilization (CF), 23.50% nitrogen reduction (RCF), and 23.50% nitrogen reduction with 20.00% organic fertilizer substitution (OF). Additionally, three straw management practices were tested: straw removal with shallow tillage (SRS), straw incorporation with shallow tillage (SIS), and straw incorporation with deep plowing (SID). The effects of these treatments on rice yield, pollutant emissions, and soil quality were systematically assessed. The results indicate that both RCF and OF maintained stable rice yields. RCF significantly reduced AUC‐NH 4 + ‐N (by 19.39%–23.40%) and AUC‐NO 3 − ‐N (by 10.72%–12.77%), whereas OF significantly decreased AUC‐TP (by 71.01%–74.25%) and methane emissions (by 22.06%–28.81%), while markedly increasing SOC and TN. SID showed the best performance across all straw management practices. Overall, the OF‐SID strategy maintained rice yield while reducing pollutant emissions and enhancing soil fertility, thereby contributing to agricultural sustainability. This study provides new insights into the synergistic effects of fertilization and straw management on rice productivity, environmental pollutant emissions, and soil fertility, offering a scientific basis for developing sustainable nutrient management strategies in rice‐based cropping systems.