Volunteer helpers’ perspectives on establishing contact with drug‑related death bereaved: The role of civil society organisations in reaching marginalised groups

This study examines how helpers in civil society organizations (CSOs) understand conditions shaping their efforts to establish contact with individuals bereaved after a drug‑related death. Drug‑related death bereavement is marked by stigma, social withdrawal, and limited access to early support, making initial contact challenging. Based on six focus groups analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, three themes emerged: Increased Visibility in Society, Guidance to Services, and Tailored Services for Diverse Needs. Findings show that societal stigma and limited recognition make bereaved individuals less visible, that unclear service pathways hinder early outreach, and that diverse bereavement experiences require flexible, low‑threshold support. CSO helpers described themselves as filling gaps in the formal system while emphasizing the need for stronger coordination with public services. The study highlights the value of community‑based support within a public‑health approach and suggests that improving early contact may reduce isolation and strengthen long‑term recovery for bereaved following drug‑related death.