Cysticercosis-related benefits in Brazil: an epidemiological analysis of National Institute of Social Security data (2012–2024)

Abstract Purpose To characterize the sociodemographic, social security, and spatiotemporal patterns of benefits granted for cysticercosis (ICD-10 B69) in Brazil between 2012 and 2024, and to explore the potential contribution of social security databases as complementary sources for disease surveillance. Methods A population-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using retrospective secondary data from the Brazilian National Social Security Institute (INSS) from January 2012 to December 2024. Benefits granted with a primary diagnosis of cysticercosis (ICD-10 codes B69, B69.0, B69.1, and B69.8) were included. Variables analyzed included benefit type, beneficiary demographics, insurance category, residence area, geographic distribution, and initial monthly income. Spatial–temporal clusters were identified using a discrete Poisson model. Results A total of 2,313 benefits were granted. Sickness aid/Temporary Incapacity Aid accounted for 84.14% of concessions, followed by disability retirement (8.43%). Beneficiaries were predominantly male (63.20%), urban residents (82.60%), and aged 30–50 years. Most individuals received low-income benefits, with 51.36% earning one minimum wage. Concessions were concentrated in the Southeast and South regions, particularly in São Paulo (18.29%) and Minas Gerais (15.00%). A decline in concessions was observed between 2019 and 2022, followed by a slight increase in 2023–2024. Two significant high-risk spatial–temporal clusters were identified ( p < 0.05). Conclusions Cysticercosis imposes a measurable burden on social protection systems through work disability. Social security administrative data may complement traditional surveillance strategies, supporting targeted intersectoral policies to address regional disparities in diagnosis, access to care, and social protection.