Decoding host–microbial dynamics in peri‐implantitis: Ecosystem‐specific experimental models

{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Peri-implantitis":[1],"is":[2,183],"an":[3],"inflammatory":[4,33,175,252],"disease":[5,37],"arising":[6],"within":[7],"a":[8,17,196,272],"unique":[9],"host-microbial-biomaterial":[10,289],"ecosystem.":[11],"Unlike":[12],"periodontitis,":[13],"peri-implant":[14,36,93,150,159,211,220],"tissues":[15],"lack":[16],"periodontal":[18],"ligament":[19],"and":[20,24,53,72,81,99,110,136,145,165,168,189,207,214,227,232,240,257],"epithelial":[21],"junction":[22],"integrity":[23],"interface":[25],"with":[26,237],"metal":[27],"oxides":[28],"on":[29,87,149],"titanium":[30,193,228],"surfaces.":[31],"The":[32],"changes":[34],"in":[35,64,129,132,139],"not":[38],"only":[39],"affect":[40],"the":[41,47,92,96,265,286],"host":[42],"but":[43,180],"also":[44],"extend":[45],"to":[46,68,185,190,263],"implant":[48],"surfaces,":[49],"which":[50],"undergo":[51],"corrosion":[52],"particle":[54],"release.":[55],"These":[56],"specific":[57],"ecological":[58],"features":[59],"must":[60],"be":[61],"accurately":[62],"captured":[63],"preclinical":[65,80],"experimental":[66],"models":[67,83,109,135,170,201,247,270],"provide":[69,271],"mechanistic":[70],"insight":[71],"enable":[73,224],"translational":[74,115],"success.":[75],"AIM:":[76],"This":[77],"review":[78,126],"evaluates":[79],"microengineered":[82],"of":[84,267,288],"peri-implantitis,":[85],"focusing":[86],"how":[88],"well":[89],"they":[90],"recapitulate":[91],"mucosal":[94],"barrier,":[95],"biomaterial":[97,253],"interface,":[98],"systemic":[100,141,258],"modifiers.":[101],"We":[102],"propose":[103],"minimum":[104],"criteria":[105],"for":[106,114,123,157,192,275],"\\"true\\"":[107],"peri-implantitis":[108,134,280],"outline":[111],"ecosystem-specific":[112],"platforms":[113,222],"research.":[116],"MATERIALS":[117],"AND":[118],"METHODS:":[119],"A":[120],"literature":[121],"search":[122],"this":[124],"narrative":[125],"was":[127],"conducted":[128],"PubMed,":[130],"prioritizing":[131,241],"vivo":[133],"their":[137],"use":[138],"assessing":[140],"comorbidities":[142],"(e.g.,":[143],"diabetes)":[144],"local":[146],"risk":[147,259],"factors":[148,260],"disease.":[151],"Furthermore,":[152],"emerging":[153],"implant-specific":[154,276],"organ-on-a-chip":[155],"systems":[156],"3D":[158],"mucosa":[160,221],"are":[161,261],"reviewed.":[162],"RESULTS:":[163],"Ligature-":[164],"infection-based":[166],"rodent":[167],"large-animal":[169],"have":[171],"elucidated":[172],"key":[173],"bacterial-driven":[174],"pathways":[176],"around":[177],"dental":[178],"implants,":[179],"careful":[181],"consideration":[182],"needed":[184],"ensure":[186],"long-term":[187],"chronicity":[188],"account":[191],"degradation":[194],"as":[195],"costimulatory":[197],"pathogenic":[198],"factor.":[199],"Comorbidity-integrated":[200],"demonstrate":[202],"that":[203,248,278],"diabetes,":[204],"vascular":[205],"disease,":[206],"antiresorptive":[208],"therapy":[209],"amplify":[210],"bone":[212],"loss":[213],"can":[215],"precipitate":[216],"MRONJ-like":[217],"lesions.":[218],"Organ-on-a-chip":[219],"now":[223],"controlled":[225],"bacterial":[226],"exposure,":[229],"biomechanical":[230],"strain,":[231],"human-relevant":[233],"barrier":[234,255],"readouts,":[235],"aligned":[236],"reduction":[238],"principles":[239],"Human-Centered":[242],"models.":[243],"CLINICAL":[244],"RELEVANCE:":[245],"Ecosystem-specific":[246],"incorporate":[249],"microrough":[250],"titanium,":[251],"corrosion,":[254],"biology,":[256],"essential":[262],"advance":[264],"study":[266],"peri-implantitis.":[268],"Such":[269],"strong":[273],"foundation":[274],"investigations":[277],"move":[279],"management":[281,287],"beyond":[282],"biofilm-centric":[283],"debridement":[284],"into":[285],"equilibrium.":[290]}