The Role of Typology in Defining Architectural Identity: A Methodological Framework and Its Application to Contemporary Chinese Architecture

In the early 20th century and before, architectural styles were distinguished by the various cultures of different regions. However, under rapid globalization, these styles have become similar and seem interchangeable, disconnected from the city and human environment. This phenomenon is known as architectural homogenization. In response to this issue, the research aims to reconsider architectural typology as a strategic tool to reinforce architectural identity through a new proposed methodological approach—the Typology–Identity Matrix Model. The model is grounded in matrix and cross-impact analysis; it examines how typological approaches promote different architectural identity dimensions and uses a ternary scoring system to evaluate their relationships. Furthermore, by applying this model to both qualitative and quantitative analysis, the research could derive a range of design attempts significant for forming architectural identity. In literature and design practices, little research applies typology to form architectural identity; the research bridges these two concepts with the original Typology–Identity Matrix Model. In this way, the designed architecture could integrate the site’s characteristics and spirits, while offering new interpretations in the contemporary context. The outcomes provide practical support for contemporary architectural design and help advance disciplinary awareness at the theoretical level.