Association of maternal alcohol consumption with frequent nocturnal enuresis in offspring

While the long term adverse effects of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy on offspring physical and mental development are well documented, its relationship with elimination function remains understudied. This study aimed to examine the association between maternal alcohol consumption and FNE in children and to assess whether this association differed according to maternal drinking pattern, including alcohol type, drinking frequency, and alcohol intake level. From 1 June 2014 to 30 June 2014, data were collected from 74 251 children aged 3 to 12 years in three urban and four suburban districts of Shanghai using stratified cluster sampling. After screening, 58 342 children aged 5 years or older who met the inclusion criteria were included in the analysis. Multivariable regression was employed to assess the associations between maternal drinking patterns and FNE, supplemented by multiple subgroup analyses. Both univariate analysis and multivariable analysis showed that maternal alcohol consumption was associated with a higher prevalence of FNE in offspring, with OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.06 to 1.88, P = 0.018, and OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.79, P = 0.047, respectively. Maternal consumption of liquor or mixed drinks was linked to an increased prevalence of FNE. The association was more pronounced for drinking at least 7 times per week. Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a nonlinear dose-response relationship. Hazardous maternal drinking was associated with a 2.60 fold higher prevalence of FNE, particularly among certain subgroups. Maternal alcohol consumption, particularly the intake of liquor or mixed drinks, a frequency of at least 7 times per week, or hazardous drinking, is associated with a higher prevalence of FNE in offspring.