Advanced Electrospun Nanofiber Epidermal Electronics for Electrophysiological Monitoring: From Conformal Interfaces to Multimodal Closed‐Loop Systems

ABSTRACT Epidermal bioelectronics is a transformative technology for continuous health monitoring and human‐computer interaction. However, the mechanical and physiological mismatch at the skin–device interface limits its long‐term application. Electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs), with their unique three‐dimensional hierarchical porous network and bionic structure, provide an ideal solution for constructing high‐performance epidermal interfaces. This review systematically summarizes the latest progress of electrospun nanofiber epidermal electrodes (ENEEs) in the field of electrophysiological monitoring: First, it elaborates on the material selection and structural design strategies of conductive nanofiber membranes, and then analyzes the role of nanofibers in reducing interface impedance and suppressing motion artifacts. This review details the functional evolution of ENEEs from conformal interface to multimodal closed‐loop systems, and their applications in high‐fidelity monitoring, such as electrocardiography (ECG), electromyography (EMG)/motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV), electroencephalography (EEG)/evoked potentials (EP), electrooculography (EOG), universal electrophysiological monitoring platforms, and multimodal integrated electrophysiological–physical–biochemical sensing systems, and discusses cross‐modal signal decoupling strategies. Finally, we discuss the future development directions of ENEEs and the key challenges faced in moving from the laboratory to commercialization, providing a comprehensive roadmap for the next generation of fiber‐based intelligent second skin.