Documented Decarbonisation Practices in Major UK Ports: A Comparative Multiple-Case Analysis

Background/Objectives: UK ports are central to maritime decarbonisation, but comparable evidence on implementation remains limited. This study examines documented practices at 16 major UK ports represented by 17 analytical cases. Methods: A documentary multiple-case design classified 408 case indicator assessments across six dimensions and 24 indicators. Five ordered categories described documented implementation maturity, and results were compared using category frequencies and distributions. Results: Solar generation, efficient infrastructure, equipment electrification, rail connectivity, and industry partnerships were more extensively documented. Wind, hydrogen, green corridors, and just-in-time operations were largely absent from the public record or at planning and pilot stages. Patterns also varied by port type and ownership. Conclusions: The study identifies transferable implementation patterns while distinguishing documented activity from verified emissions effectiveness. Greater disclosure, coordinated infrastructure planning, and sustained cross-sector partnerships are needed to support wider implementation.