A holistic approach to support people with mental illness and mental ill-health: a mixed-methods study of clubhouse participation and its perceived impact

Abstract Background Mental illness poses health and societal challenges. The Clubhouse model offers a community-based approach aimed at promoting social inclusion and enhancing quality of life for individuals experiencing mental illness. We aimed to identify the characteristics of individuals engaging with Clubhouses in Norway (referred to as members), examine their patterns of attendance and engagement, and evaluate their experiences with participation in Clubhouse activities. Methods We employed a mixed-methods design, integrating data from national registries and the Clubhouse membership database with survey responses from Clubhouse members. We used data from national health and labor market registries, which were linked at the individual level. The registry data sample comprised 2 283 individuals identified in the Clubhouse membership database. The study sample from the survey distributed in 2023 included 957 members (22% response rate). Outcomes included member characteristics, patterns of attendance and engagement, and self-reported experiences of the impact of Clubhouse membership. Results Clubhouse members in the registry data sample were predominantly of working age with balanced gender representation. Members in the registry data sample had an average of 30 annual contacts with specialized health services and emergency care related to psychiatric diagnoses at the time of becoming a Clubhouse member, and 28% had at least one contact related to ICD-10 category “F20-F29 Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders”. 84% were outside the workforce, and during the two-year period preceding enrollment, 41% had received disability benefits for a minimum of one month. Many members were actively engaged in Clubhouse activities, and 65% of survey respondents reported to attend on a weekly basis. Survey-based self-reported perceptions indicate that members experienced that Clubhouse attendance provided meaningful work, social connection, and support in structuring daily life. Health-related quality of life was markedly reduced compared to general population norms, yet most respondents perceived that the Clubhouse contributed positively to their quality of life and health, particularly among those attending most frequently. Conclusion This research underscores the role that community-oriented models like the Clubhouse play in addressing the diverse needs of individuals with mental illness and mental-ill health.