Discrete‑Causal Ontology of the Universe — A Speculative Finite‑Discrete Model of Cosmic Physics

Modern theoretical physics suffers persistent conflicts over fundamental ontological premises. General relativity is formulated upon continuous spacetime manifolds, whereas quantum mechanics reveals intrinsically discrete microscopic behaviour. These mismatched mathematical foundations obstruct consistent unification. Furthermore, physics and mathematics are plagued by an inversion‑of‑instrument‑and‑reality problem. Mathematical constructs such as continuous real numbers, infinite sets and infinitely divisible space, originally devised for computational convenience, are routinely treated as inherent properties of cosmic ontology. This generates long‑standing difficulties including singularity pathologies, ultraviolet divergences, infinite‑quantity catastrophes and cosmic‑redshift paradoxes associated with dark‑energy postulates. Taking the objective reality of motion as our single indisputable empirical fact, this paper conducts logical reductio‑ad‑absurdum reasoning to construct a self‑consistent speculative framework for a finite‑discrete causal cosmic network. Three classical presuppositions are discarded: actual infinities, topologically connected continuous spacetime, and the ontological existence of physical irrational numbers. All macroscopic appearances of continuity, asymptotic convergence and unbounded cosmic extension arise as statistical‑approximation illusions produced by massive assemblies of discrete elementary units. Novel constructs introduced herein comprise a finite natural‑number domain adapted for physical instantiation, a global bounding theorem for basal physical quantities, and a configuration‑dependent causal‑link stagnation‑tolerance mechanism. The framework yields unified explanations for the origin of quantum discreteness, cosmic redshift and saturation thresholds of field intensities. Boundaries separating formal mathematical systems and physical ontology are clarified: mathematics may freely build self‑consistent axiomatic structures, yet only one subset of mathematical constructs can be physically realised, filtered by intrinsic cosmic rules. This breaks the millennia‑old Platonic presumption that mathematical truth precedes physical reality. The model is presented as a heuristic ontological speculation. It does not refute the empirical validity of classical physics, quantum theory or relativity; it revises only their underlying ontological postulates. Fresh paradigms are supplied for inquiries into fundamental physics, mathematical foundations and quantum‑gravity research. Keywords: discrete universe; causal network; existence‑of‑motion postulate; finite natural numbers; bounded physical quantities; infinity‑free ontology; physics‑mathematics boundary; quantum emergence; cosmic redshiftThis single PDF file contains the full‑length English manuscript first, followed by its complete Chinese translation. 本PDF文档前部为英文原稿,后部附上完整中文译文。