Microwave‐Assisted Copper‐Mediated One‐Pot Sequential Synthesis of Quinolino[3,4‐ b ]quinoxalines
An efficient microwave‐assisted one‐pot protocol has been developed for the synthesis of 6‐aryl/heteroarylquinolino[3,4‐ b ]quinoxaline derivatives. The method involves a CuI‐mediated tandem annulation of 2‐(2‐bromophenyl)quinoxalines with aryl and heteroaryl aldehydes, using TMSN 3 as the nitrogen source. The transformation proceeds rapidly under microwave irradiation, delivering the desired products in moderate‐to‐excellent yields (up to 91%) with broad substrate scope. Further, benzyl alcohols (with TBHP) also serve as viable precursors under identical conditions to afford 6‐aryl/heteroaryl‐quinolino[3,4‐ b ]quinoxaline derivatives. Notably, the protocol eliminates the requirement for a stoichiometric amount of reducing agent used in the earlier protocol. It can be extended to gram‐scale synthesis with a remarkably reduced reaction time. Mechanistic investigations, supported by control experiments, ESI‐HRMS analysis, and DFT calculations, provide insight into the reaction pathway. This approach offers a rapid, practical, and scalable route to quinolino[3,4‐ b ]quinoxaline frameworks of potential medicinal relevance.
Authors
- Gaurav Pawar
- Venkata Madhavi Yaddanapudi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9813-8694)
- Swanand Vinayak Joshi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5079-7888)
- Nagesh A. Bhale
- Danaboina Srikanth
- Amol G. Dikundwar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7149-1279)
- Srinivas Nanduri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6671-2022)
- Abdul Kalam (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1136-7442)
Institutions
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Ahmedabad (IN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- European Journal of Organic Chemistry
- Published
- 2026-08-25
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.70802
- Primary Topic
- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Arthritis National Research Foundation
- National Research Foundation