Smart Grid Efficiency Enhancement through Load Forecasting

The demand for reliable and efficient power systems has been increasing day by day due to the increasing complexity of electrical grids and the integration of renewable energy sources. Traditional power load forecasting methods are struggling to keep pace with these evolving demands, often resulting in significant power losses and inefficiencies for different scenarios. Existing load forecasting models often face challenges in terms of accuracy, adaptability and computational efficiency. These models typically do not fully utilize the intricate relationships within power systems, leading to suboptimal predictions and higher power losses. Furthermore, they often suffer from delays in processing and adapting to real-time changes in the grid, thereby reducing their practical utility. To address these issues, this paper introduces a novel load forecasting model based on Graph Q Networks (GQNs). GQNs leverage the power of graph-based learning to effectively model complex interdependencies in power systems. The GQN model exhibits MAPE of 1.2% and RMSE of 0.8 MW of Method [12], significantly outperforming the most efficient method. The proposed model outperforms MAPE of 2.4% and RMSE of 1.9 MW of Method [13] most inefficient method among the studies. The proposed model allows for more accurate and dynamic load forecasting, significantly minimizing power losses. By integrating these methods with graph theory, the model not only enhances forecasting accuracy but also reduces operational delays. Moreover, its adaptability makes it suitable for a wide range of power systems to emerging smart grids and those with high renewable energy integration, further reinforce its utility.