Comparative Study Of Hydrogen Addition Effects On Flame Stability and Pollutant Emissions In Jet-A1 and Saf/Jet-A1 Lean Lifted Spray Flames

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
Published
2026-08-25
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4072618
Primary Topic
Combustion and flame dynamics
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Comparative Study Of Hydrogen Addition Effects On Flame Stability and Pollutant Emissions In Jet-A1 and Saf/Jet-A1 Lean Lifted Spray Flames

Stefan Harth, Samarjeet Singh, Dimosthenis Trimis, Fabian P. Hagen
Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
Combustion and flame dynamics
article

Comparative Study Of Hydrogen Addition Effects On Flame Stability and Pollutant Emissions In Jet-A1 and Saf/Jet-A1 Lean Lifted Spray Flames

Stefan Harth, Samarjeet Singh, Dimosthenis Trimis, Fabian P. Hagen
article en

Abstract

Abstract Understanding the combustion characteristics of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and conventional fuel spray flames with hydrogen ($H_2$) mixtures is essential for enabling the transition from fossil fuels to cleaner aircraft propulsion. This study investigates flame stabilization and pollutant emissions in an innovative, fuel-flexible combustor fuelled by Jet-A1, SAF, and $H_2$ under atmospheric pressure and elevated air inlet temperatures. A new nozzle, based on the "low swirl" lean lifted flame concept, was developed to promote high premixing, significantly reducing $\mathrm{NO_x}$ emissions and minimizing flashback risk compared to conventional swirl-stabilized flames. The design promotes higher flame lift-off heights, enabling stable operation at increased $H_2$ content. Jet-A1 and SAF/Jet-A1 blend are injected through a centrally mounted hollow-cone atomizer, and $H_2$ is supplied via injectors arranged circumferentially around the prefilmer. Flame structure, lift-off height, and flame width were characterized using high-speed OH$^\ast$ chemiluminescence imaging, and pollutant emissions were measured with an exhaust gas analyser. The study compares flame behaviour and pollutant emissions with and without $H_2$ addition in Jet-A1/air and SAF/Jet-A1/air lean lifted spray flames. The influence of $H_2$ addition on lean blowout behaviour of the combustor is also assessed for both fuels. Overall, a comprehensive experimental campaign investigates key parameters, such as air inlet temperature and hydrogen blending ratio. The comparison of $H_2$ addition in Jet-A1 and SAF/Jet-A1 spray flames provides beneficial insights for the design and optimization of next-generation aero-engines.

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (DE), DVGW-Forschungsstelle am Engler-Bunte-Institut des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (DE)
Industry, innovation and infrastructure
Openalex Percentile: Top 12%
Combustion and flame dynamics
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